Celiac disease is a digestive problem that hurts your small intestine. It stops your body from taking in nutrients from food.

You may have celiac disease if you are sensitive to gluten. 面筋是小麦中的一种蛋白质, 黑麦, 大麦, and sometimes in small amounts in mixed oats.

When you have celiac disease and you eat foods with gluten, your body has a reaction that is not normal. The part of your body that fights disease (the immune system) starts to hurt your small intestine. It attacks the tiny bumps (villi) that line your small intestine.

The villi help your body take in nutrients from food into your bloodstream. Without the villi, your small intestine can’t get enough nutrients, no matter how much food you eat.

乳糜泻是遗传的. This means it can be passed down from parent to child.

More than 2 million Americans have been diagnosed with celiac disease. Studies show that as many as 1 in every 133 Americans may have it. 他们可能不知道自己拥有它.

乳糜泻在人群中更为常见:

• 谁的祖先来自欧洲

• 谁是白人?

• 谁患有1型糖尿病

• 患有唐氏综合症的人

• 谁有其他自身免疫性疾病

• 不育的人

• Who have irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea

乳糜泻的病因是什么?

Celiac disease is a genetic disease that runs in families. You may have celiac disease and not know it because you don’t have any symptoms.

Some things that may make symptoms start to appear are:

• 压力太大

• 怀孕

• 手术

• 物理伤害

• 感染

• 分娩

乳糜泻的症状是什么?

Celiac disease affects people in different ways. 有些人在儿童时期就有症状. 其他人只有在成年后才会出现症状. Some people have diarrhea and belly (abdominal) pain. 其他人可能会感到喜怒无常或沮丧.

每个人的症状可能不同. 乳糜泻的常见症状包括:

• Constant (chronic) diarrhea or constipation

• 减肥

• 气体

• 苍白，恶臭的粪便

• Unexplained low blood count that makes you feel tired (anemia)

• 腿有刺痛感和麻木感

• Missed menstrual periods (linked to too much weight loss)

• 不孕不育

• 早期骨质疏松或骨折

• Teeth changing color or losing their enamel

乳糜泻会很痛苦. 常见的疼痛症状有:

• Stomach pain or swelling (bloating) that keeps coming back

• 肌肉痉挛或骨痛

• 关节疼痛

• 疼痛、发痒的皮疹

Children who have celiac disease may not grow at a normal rate.

You may have celiac disease but not have any symptoms. That is because the part of your small intestine that is not hurt can still take in enough nutrients. But you may still be at risk for problems of the disease.

Celiac disease symptoms may look like other health problems. Always see your healthcare provider to be sure.

乳糜泻是如何诊断的?

乳糜泻很难诊断. Its symptoms may look like symptoms of other digestive problems such as:

• 克罗恩氏病

• 肠易激综合症

• 溃疡性结肠炎

• 感染性结肠(憩室炎)

• 肠道感染

• 小肠细菌过度生长

看看你是否有乳糜泻, your healthcare provider will look at your past health and do a physical exam. 您还可以进行以下测试:

• 血液工作. This is done to check the level of infection-fighting cells (antibodies) you have to gluten in your blood. People with celiac disease have higher than normal levels of these cells. Your immune system makes these cells to help fight things (such as gluten) that the body feels are a danger.

• 活组织检查. This is the most accurate way to tell if you have celiac disease. A tissue sample (biopsy) is taken from your small intestine to check for damage to the villi. 要做到这一点, 很长一段, thin tube (endoscope) is placed in your mouth, down to your stomach and into your small intestine. A tissue sample is taken using tools passed through the tube. 样品在实验室里检验.

乳糜泻的治疗方法是什么?

If you have celiac disease, you must stop eating gluten. Eating gluten will do more damage to your small intestine. Eliminating gluten is the only treatment for this disease. You must not eat gluten for the rest of your life.

In most cases, taking gluten out of your diet will stop your symptoms. And, any damage to your intestine will heal. It will also stop any more damage from happening.

Removing gluten from your diet can be difficult. This is because gluten can contaminate many foods. It can be found in condiments, salad dressings, and other unexpected places. 出于这个原因, your healthcare provider may refer you to a dietitian who specializes in celiac disease.

After you stop eating foods with gluten, your symptoms will likely get better in a few days. Your small intestine should heal completely in 3 to 6 months. 你的绒毛会恢复正常的. If you are older, it may take up to 2 years for your body to heal.

要点

• Celiac disease is a digestive problem that hurts your small intestine. It stops your body from taking in nutrients from food.

• You may have celiac disease if you are sensitive to gluten.

• If you have celiac disease and eat foods with gluten, your immune system starts to hurt your small intestine.

• 乳糜泻是遗传的. This means it can be passed from parent to child.

• 这在白人中更为常见, 患有1型糖尿病, 肥胖, 或者祖先来自欧洲.

• You may have celiac disease and not know it because you don’t have any symptoms.

• 它可能很难诊断. Its symptoms can look like symptoms of other digestive problems.

• The only treatment is to stop eating gluten.

• Once you stop eating gluten, your body will start to heal.

下一个步骤

• Before your visit, write down questions you want answered.

• Bring someone with you to help you ask questions and remember what your provider tells you.

• 参观时, 写下新药的名字, 治疗, 或测试, and any new instructions your provider gives you.

• If you have a follow-up appointment, write down the date, time, and purpose for that visit.

• Know how you can contact your provider if you have questions.